White Sands Missile Range is a vast military testing area in southern New Mexico, restricted to the public but surrounded by notable open spaces offering scenic and recreational opportunities in the Chihuahuan Desert.
White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) spans approximately 3,200 square miles of desert and mountain terrain in southern New Mexico. Established during World War II, this military reservation is used primarily for missile testing, rocket launches, and other defense-related activities. Due to security restrictions, public access to the central areas of WSMR is prohibited. However, the region is bordered by several striking public lands that provide extensive outdoor recreation opportunities and notable natural features. Among the most significant adjacent areas are the White Sands National Park, known for its brilliant white gypsum sand dunes, and the San Andres Mountains, offering rugged terrain and diverse wildlife. The landscape surrounding WSMR is dominated by the Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem, hosting species such as desert bighorn sheep, mule deer, and various cacti species. The area has a rich human history with archaeological sites reflecting Native American use and scientific landmarks tied to missile testing and aerospace advancements. Recreation near WSMR includes hiking, wildlife viewing, photography, scenic drives, and camping in nearby public lands that are open year-round. Key landmarks visible from the boundary include the expansive dunes of White Sands National Park to the east and volcanic formations on the west. While the restricted status of WSMR limits direct access, it plays a critical role in military history and scientific research while its surrounding open spaces offer a stark, beautiful, and largely undeveloped desert experience.
White Sands National Park – spectacular gypsum sand dunes just east of the range
San Andres Mountains – rugged adjacent public land offering hiking and wildlife viewing
Historic Trinity Site – location of the first atomic bomb test near WSMR
McGregor Range – another military testing area with limited public access but scenic views
Known for the world’s largest gypsum dune field, it offers unique white sand landscapes a few miles east of the missile range.
A mountain range west of WSMR providing hiking trails and diverse habitats within the desert environment.
Historic location of the first atomic bomb detonation, open to the public only twice a year with ranger-led tours.